Modern industrial system is the material and technological basis of a modern country and an important support for promoting Chinese-style modernization. General Secretary Xi Jinping attaches great importance to the construction of a modern industrial system, emphasizing that "to build a modern industrial system that is independent, controllable, safe, reliable, and highly competitive" and "timely apply the achievements of scientific and technological innovation to specific industries and industrial chains, transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and strengthen emerging industries, lay out and build future industries, and improve the modern industrial system." Generally speaking, in order to build a modern industrial system, it is necessary to find a correct positioning, a clear direction, integrate resources, make accurate efforts, and aim at the goal of improving the integrity, advanced nature and safety of the industrial system. Overall planning to promote the modernization level of industrial technology, governance, organization and layout.
Speed up the development of new quality productive forces
Continuously improving the modernization level of technology and management of various industries is an important task of building a modern industrial system. Upgrading the modernization level of the industrial system includes not only the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, but also the development of emerging industries and the cultivation of future industries. It is necessary to lead the construction of a modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation, especially with subversive and cutting-edge technologies to give birth to new industries, new models, and new momentum, so as to speed up the development of new quality productive forces. At present, China has accumulated a lot of experience in the process of digital, intelligent and green transformation, and a number of service providers have been formed to provide transformation, upgrading and transformation for enterprises. a number of digital, intelligent and green benchmark enterprises have emerged, but there are still a large number of enterprises facing the difficulties of weak upgrading foundation and insufficient capital investment capacity. Promoting large-scale equipment renewal is an important policy measure to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The development of emerging industries and future industries is an important area for China to give full play to its innovative advantages, and it can achieve win-win development with developed countries. Judging from the practice in recent years, China has a strong advantage in making use of the advantages of a complete industrial system, a high level of development and a super-large-scale market to develop new industries, new business type and new models, and has achieved the goal of moving from following to running alongside or even taking the lead in many fields. it has become an important direction to improve the level of industrial modernization. In addition, the development level of many business services in China, such as R & D and design, management consulting, testing and certification, lags behind the manufacturing industry. Speeding up the development of these industries is also an important part of improving the modernization level of the industrial system.
Improve the relevant systems and mechanisms
To build a modern industrial system, we need to improve the governance system that is conducive to the continuous upgrading and development of the industry, and stimulate the internal power of the main body of management to climb to the middle and high end of the value chain. A sound investment and financing system and mechanism can ensure sustained industrial investment and healthy competition among enterprises. With the changes in the stage of development, it is necessary to reform and standardize the behavior of attracting investment and investment to ensure that business entities make independent decisions and be responsible for their own profits and losses when investing in new projects. Effective innovation incentive mechanism can enhance the internal innovation motivation of enterprises. At present, further strengthening the support for enterprises to maintain intellectual property rights can improve the income of innovation and enhance the enthusiasm of innovation. The whole chain quality supervision mechanism can encourage enterprises to continuously improve the quality of goods and services and promote the survival of the fittest. Through extensive actions to upgrade the quality management system, we should strengthen the management of the whole supply chain, the whole industry chain and the whole life cycle of products, and strengthen strict supervision, severe punishment and serious accountability, so as to ensure the quality of goods and services. In addition, the guarantee mechanism for the transformation from technology upgrading to value-added upgrading is also very important. The modern industrial system should not only be able to produce high-quality goods and services, but also create a high level of added value and form a strong social purchasing power. It is necessary to improve the mechanism for determining workers' wages and rational growth, so that the wages of front-line workers, the profits of enterprises, and state taxes can all grow synchronously with the upgrading of industries.
Form a good industrial organization structure
A good industrial organization structure is the premise to ensure the coordinated development and benign interaction of all kinds of enterprises, and it is also an important part of building a modern industrial system. At present, the problems of a high degree of monopoly in a small number of industries and a large number of enterprises and low market concentration in some industries coexist, which not only leads to the abuse of monopoly position by some enterprises to obtain improper benefits, but also leads to the tendency of low-level vicious competition in some industries. According to different industrial characteristics, we should attach equal importance to strengthening anti-monopoly and promoting merger and reorganization to optimize the market structure so as to avoid excessive competition. At the same time, efforts should be made to build a cooperative pattern between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain, promote the rational distribution of industrial value in different links of the industrial chain, prevent a small number of enterprises in the industrial chain from making use of the market advantage position to unreasonably encroach on the interests of upstream and downstream enterprises, and promote the formation of an industrial organization structure in which upstream and downstream enterprises jointly create value and coordinate development. In addition, continue to develop specialized and special new enterprises and improve the ability of enterprises to produce differentiated products and services, which is also an important aspect to enhance the modernization level of industrial organizations.
Cultivate multi-level industrial clusters
Modern industrial layout can not only give full play to the effects of industrial agglomeration and industrial supporting, but also promote the coordinated development of regional economy and narrow the regional gap. Since the reform and opening up, China has initially formed a differentiated industrial layout, but there are still some problems, such as a large number of industrial layout in the eastern region, the strength of industrial clusters in the central and western regions is relatively weak and the ability to drive economic development is not strong, and the degree of industrial homogenization is high. At present, many industries in eastern China are gradually transferred to the central and western regions, while a large number of new industries and new business type are developing rapidly. We should seize the favorable opportunity to optimize the industrial layout and strive to promote the formation of an industrial layout characterized by the rational distribution and misplaced development of world-class, national and provincial industrial clusters. Break the regional division, implement the outline of the Development Plan of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the outline of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area's Development Plan, and build a number of world-class industrial clusters in the national key industrial agglomeration areas.SpintowinOn the basis of strategic emerging industrial clusters and advanced manufacturing clusters, create a number of national industrial clusters; on the basis of provinces, regions and cities, create regional industrial clusters with reasonable division of labor and obvious regional characteristics. In this process, the key is to strengthen the reform and strengthen the overall coordination and reasonable division of labor of industrial cluster planning at all levels, not only to prevent the non-matching and non-convergence of industrial planning, but also to improve the implementation of industrial planning.
In addition, improving the modern industrial system should also strive to achieve equal emphasis on improving efficiency and enhancing employment absorption capabilities. With economic and social development, continuous improvement of employment quality and enhancement of employment absorption capacity are necessary and inevitable requirements for building a modern industrial system. At present, the level of production intelligence continues to improve, the application of digital and information technologies in various industries is accelerating, and many technologies have shown employment substitution effects. A modern industrial system must not only be able to make full use of the latest technological achievements, continuously improve production efficiency and industrial competitiveness, but also be able to ensure sufficient and high-quality jobs. The manufacturing industry makes full use of intelligent manufacturing technology to improve production efficiency while participating in international competition. The moderate reduction in employment scale after industrialization is basically completed is in line with international experience. The service industry, especially the life service industry, will increasingly become an important area for attracting employment.
(The author is deputy director of the Industrial Economics Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council)